Con la Ley 2128 del 4 de agosto de 2021, el Gobierno Nacional sigue dando cumplimiento a su hoja de ruta contemplada en el Plan Energético Nacional 2020-2050.
Por: ÓSCAR DÍAZ MARTÍNEZ*
13 de agosto de 2021. La Ley 2128, que promueve el abastecimiento, la confiabilidad y cobertura del gas combustible en el país, está alineada con la premisa que el gas es el combustible de la transición hacia renovables y otras fuentes de energía.
De acuerdo con el DANE, cerca de dos millones de personas en Colombia utilizan leña como fuente primaria de energía, debido a que las zonas a que pertenecen no están conectadas a una infraestructura de suministro de gas. Por tanto, se busca dar el cubrimiento correspondiente mediante alianzas con la industria privada, para llevar el gas distribuido por cilindros (GLP) a estos puntos de difícil acceso. Como complemento, se otorgarán subsidios hasta del 50% para el estrato 1 y del 40% para el estrato 2.
En ese sentido, La Ley también busca que aquellas regiones no interconectadas a la red nacional y que generan energía con diésel, realicen la transición mediante la identificación de soluciones sostenibles.
Uno de los principales objetivos de la Ley es la Declaratoria de Interés Nacional y Estratégico de la masificación del gas natural, por lo que se deberán implementar políticas públicas que garanticen en los próximos 10 años que al menos un 30% de la nueva flota vehicular y al menos el 30% del transporte de carga, haya migrado hacia el gas natural.
Es así como la exoneración del pico y placa o del día sin carro, el pago de impuestos no mayor al 1% del valor comercial de los vehículos, el descuento del 30% en la revisión técnico-mecánica y el descuento del 10% en el seguro obligatorio (SOAT) son, entre otros, los beneficios que se otorgan.
Como el sector de exploración y producción de hidrocarburos no se podía dejar de lado, se promueve la integración de los hallazgos de gas natural costa afuera a los sistemas de transporte existentes. Para esto, la Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas deberá realizar una actualización de las tarifas de transporte de gas.
En conclusión, el mensaje del Gobierno Nacional con esta Ley es su convencimiento y alineamiento con la necesidad de balancear la canasta energética, tal como lo ha establecido en su Plan Energético Nacional.
Para esto, y utilizando el gas como el combustible de la transición, se busca:
- Dejar la leña como medio de generación de energía en los hogares más vulnerables,
- Llevar el GLP hacia las zonas más remotas del país,
- Identificar e implementar los proyectos para el reemplazo del diésel por gas en la generación de energía en aquellas regiones no conectadas al Sistema Nacional,
- La creación de políticas públicas que permitan que al menos el 30% de la nueva flota vehicular funcionen a gas y
- La integración de los hallazgos de gas costa afuera con los sistemas de trasporte existentes.
Lo anterior es muestra de que los combustibles fósiles seguirán siendo el eje de la canasta energética para los próximos años, y de los cuales se obtendrá un gran porcentaje de los recursos que financiarán la transición hacia renovables y otras fuentes de energía, tema muy de moda en estos tiempos.
Es aquí donde se ratifica al gas como el combustible de la transición.
*Presidente de la Junta Directiva de Acipet
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