Caribe offshore: la enorme reserva de gas de Colombia

Gas Natural
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De acuerdo con Ecopetrol, el subsuelo marino del Caribe colombiano puede proporcionar reservas por entre 70 y 100 terapies cúbicos de gas natural, un enorme potencial frente a los 3 terapies de las reservas actuales.

21 de noviembre de 2022.   Luego de que el Gobierno nacional le cerrara las puertas al desarrollo del fracking en el Magdalena Medio, Ecopetrol enfila sus baterías para desarrollar la nueva provincia gasífera del país: el Caribe colombiano.

Y es que con el objetivo de convertirse en una empresa más gasífera, Ecopetrol comenzará a desarrollar los campos offshore donde ha descubierto gas natural en los últimos años.

En el cierre de la V Cumbre de Petróleo, Gas y Energía, que se realizó en Bogotá entre el 15 y el 18 de noviembre pasados, Felipe Bayón, presidente de Ecopetrol, presentó las oportunidades que se le abren al país costa afuera.

Actualmente, Ecopetrol tiene 10 contratos en el Caribe offshore, divididos en tres áreas, donde en los últimos años ha perforado pozos exploratorios que han resultado exitosos, de la mano de socios como Petrobras y Shell. Ahora entrará en la etapa de desarrollo.

La primera área promisoria es la que Ecopetrol denomina Caribe Norte, frente a las costas de La Guajira y Magdalena, en el bloque Tayrona, donde ha perforado dos pozos exitosos: Orca-1 y Uchuva-1, y donde, de acuerdo con la información disponible, las reservas probables serían de entre 3,5 y 5,5 terapies cúbicos (TPC), suficientes para duplicar las reservas probadas actuales del país de 3 TPC.

La tarea de Ecopetrol con su socio Petrobras es la de poner en producción Uchuva-1 lo más pronto posible. El pozo tiene un manto de agua de 1.800 metros, pero Bayón mencionó que Turquía está desarrollando un yacimiento similar, al que aspiran poner en producción en dos años y medio, cuando lo normal de estos proyectos es que tarden unos 8 años, luego la tecnología ya existe y se puede aplicar en Colombia.

Además, tiene la ventaja que está cerca de las facilidades de Chuchupa – Ballena, operadas por Hocol, empresa del Grupo.

El otro pozo del bloque Tayrona es Orca-1, que está siendo desarrollado ciento por ciento por Ecopetrol, y aunque tiene un potencial más pequeño, 0,5 TPC, tiene la ventaja que la tabla de agua está entre 600 y 1.200 metros, y está más cerca de las costas guajiras.

Más al sur, frente a las costas de Córdoba y Sucre, se encuentra lo que Ecopetrol ha denominado el KGG, en los bloques COL-5 y Gran Fuerte, donde la empresa junto con Shell ha perforado cuatro pozos exitosos: Gorgón-1, Gorgon-2, Purple Angel-1 y Kronos-1, confirmando una provincia gasífera. Estos tienen una tabla de agua de 2.400 metros, pero la idea es entrar a la etapa de desarrollo.

Otros bloques, COL 1, 2, 6 y 7, en asocio con OXY como operador, están pendientes por explorar. Se encuentran en aguas ultra profundas, de unos 4.000 metros, pero son los que prometen una mayor cantidad de reservas: se estiman unos 15 billones de barriles de petróleo equivalentes y unos 84 TPC de gas.

En total, en estas tres áreas, Ecopetrol estima que el potencial puede estar entre 70 y 100 TPC, con lo cual el Caribe no solo se consolidaría como la nueva frontera del gas natural en Colombia, sino en el hub energético del país.

Provincia gasífera del Caribe colombiano
Provincia gasífera del Caribe colombiano

“Cada uno es un descubrimiento de clase mundial, cada uno es más grande que Cusiana o que Cupiagua, y son descubrimientos que se pueden poner en producción antes de finalizar la década”, dijo Bayón, quien además resaltó que las reglas de los campos costa afuera, considerados dentro del régimen de zonas francas, no fueron cambiadas en la recién aprobada reforma tributaria, lo cual da un impulso para entrar a la etapa de desarrollo.

Finalmente, cabe señalar que Ecopetrol actualmente tiene seis taladros en el piedemonte llanero, muy cerca de los mayores campos de producción del país: Cusiana y Cupiagua, donde seguramente se tendrán noticias antes de que termine el año.

Como dijo Felipe Bayón en su presentación, “Colombia tiene gas y tiene que desarrollarlo, es un tema que va más allá de la seguridad energética, se trata de soberanía energética.”

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