El número de usuarios de gas natural en Colombia alcanza los 9,4 millones, con el mayor crecimiento en la Región Pacífica, por la masificación en Valle, Cauca, Nariño y Chocó. Además, más de un millón de pasajeros/día se moviliza en cerca de 1.600 buses operados a GNV.
3 de septiembre de 2019. En la vigésima edición del Informe del Sector Gas Natural 2019 -que presenta las cifras consolidadas a 2018- Promigas presentó resultados significativos respecto a la actualidad y el futuro del sector.
El Informe del Sector Gas Natural 2019 confirma que Colombia en 2018 contaba con 7.460 kilómetros de redes de gasoducto y con un volumen de gas transportado de 990 millones de pies cúbicos diarios (Mpcd). El documento revela además que el año pasado, en el país circulaban 583.688 vehículos convertidos a gas natural vehicular (GNV) -una tercera parte de ellos en Bogotá- y 808 estaciones de servicio que cubren casi la totalidad del territorio nacional.
El informe registra que en varias ciudades de Colombia se ha decretado la operación con gas natural de buses en los sistemas de transporte masivo: Medellín (Metroplus), Cartagena (Transcaribe), Palmira (Tupal), Barranquilla (Transmetro), Cali (MIO), Manizales (Serviturismo) y Bogotá (Transmilenio). Se trata de más de 1.600 buses operando a GNV, movilizando más de un millón de pasajeros/día.
Según los datos presentados, en 2018 Colombia tenía 9,4 millones de usuarios de gas natural en 28 departamentos, llegando a 741 municipios, una cobertura efectiva del 81%. Restando por tener cubrimiento en cinco departamentos: Vichada, Guainía, Vaupés, Amazonas y San Andrés y Providencia. La variación en el número de usuarios con respecto al 2017 fue del 5%. La Región Pacífica fue la que tuvo el crecimiento más significativo, debido a la masificación alcanzada en el Valle del Cauca y la llegada del servicio a Cauca, Nariño y Chocó.
Los datos consolidados a 2018 muestran que siete de cada diez habitantes se beneficiaron con el servicio. El consumo total de gas natural alcanzó los 908 Mpcd, creciendo un 3% por año, durante los últimos 20 años. Se destaca la Costa Caribe, donde el incremento del consumo en los dos últimos años fue sustancial, por la entrada de la planta Reficar en Cartagena.
El documento revela además que, si bien en 2013 se liberan los precios en boca de pozo en La Guajira, a partir de entonces el componente de suministro (boca de pozo) en la tarifa al usuario residencial final, pasó de pesar un 24% en el 2013 a pesar 41% en 2018, con un crecimiento interanual de 15%.
El Informe del Sector Gas Natural 2019 también evidencia que desde diciembre de 2016, el país ha contado con el respaldo de la terminal de regasificación Sociedad Portuaria El Cayao (SPEC), ubicada en Barú. Esta infraestructura fue realizada con una inversión de US $427 millones de dólares como respaldo al sector eléctrico colombiano. En el año 2018, SPEC alcanzó una disponibilidad de 99.2%, regasificando un promedio de 45 Mpcd durante 232 días. La terminal recibió 7 cargas, un total de 553.706 metros cúbicos de GNL.
De acuerdo con el documento, la Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética (UPME) contempla la necesidad de construir la planta de regasificación de GNL en Buenaventura, así como un gasoducto al municipio de Yumbo (Valle del Cauca). Se estima un costo total del proyecto de 700 millones de dólares y su entrada de operación se esperaría en 2025.
De acuerdo con las cifras presentadas en el Informe del Sector, las reservas probadas del país son en la actualidad de 3,8 terapiés cúbicos (TPC), un factor R/P de 9,8 años. Colombia tiene varias alternativas para abastecerse, entre ellas: Yacimientos Offshore, Yacimientos No Convencionales e importaciones de GNL.
El informe presentado estima que los bloques ubicados en el mar Caribe: Kronos, Gorgon-1, Purple Angel-1, Tayrona y Orca-1, representarían reservas entre 7 y 30 TPC. La capacidad que tiene el Pacífico Colombiano de convertirse en un gran productor de gas, con un potencial de 5,88 TPC en los bloques Chocó Offshore, Tumaco Offshore y Pacífico Profundo- es significativa.
De acuerdo con los expertos que elaboraron el documento, en Yacimientos No Convencionales, Colombia cuenta con un potencial de gas aproximadamente de 4 a 24 TPC en zonas del Magdalena Medio, Cesar-Ranchería- y Catatumbo.
En palabras de Eric Flesch, CEO de Promigas, “de materializarse un escenario optimista en los yacimientos potenciales descritos -y si logramos agilizar las instituciones en su toma de decisiones para concretar el potencial offshore y onshore- estaríamos hablando de un verdadero salto cuántico en competitividad y ad-portas de convertir a Colombia en una gran potencia energética”.
Fuente: Promigas
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