Sector eléctrico invertirá USD3.000 millones hasta 2022

Industria
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Con 24 proyectos de energía eléctrica, entre generación y transmisión, el sector le apuesta a la reactivación económica del país.

18 de septiembre de 2020.   El gobierno nacional diseñó un Plan de Reactivación económica para superar la crisis ocasionada por la pandemia de la Covid-19. En ese sentido, en el sector eléctrico se identificaron 24 proyectos, con una inversión cercana a los 3.000 millones de dólares.

“Del lado de generación son unos 15 proyectos y los otros son interconexiones o líneas de transmisión. Los compromisos en capacidad de generación son de 1.200 mega watios en térmicas, 2.200 Mw en renovables y 200 Mw con fuente hídrica. En cuanto a lo térmico, casi el ciento por ciento es a gas natural”, dijo Alejandro Castañeda, director Ejecutivo de la Asociación Nacional de Empresas Generadoras (ANDEG).

Todos estos proyectos deben entrar en operación en 2022, para mitigar los efectos de Hidroituango y darle confiabilidad al sistema. No obstante, existe preocupación en el gremio de que sufran retrasos por temas de comunidades, licencias  y permisos.

“Va a ser importante que los proyectos no tengan retrasos en su ejecución, hay que mirar cómo hacer para que temas como licencias ambientales, consultas previas, permisos y autorizaciones no tengan mayor traumatismo. Tienen que hacerse, pero si se encuentran cuellos de botella esperamos que el gobierno sea ágil en responder, porque si no entran a tiempo, ahí si podríamos tener un problema”, señala Castañeda.

Y es que los tiempos están muy apretados, pues hacia 2024 se espera una baja oferta de gas natural en el país, época para la cual debería estar lista la planta de regasificación de Buenaventura; sin embargo, a la fecha no ha salido la licitación y la construcción del proyecto puede tardar unos cuatro años.

En caso que Hidroituango y Buenaventura no estén listos en 2024, Castañeda asegura que las plantas de generación de la Costa Caribe no tendrían problema, pues están respaldadas por la regasificadora de Cartagena, y las del Pacífico y el centro del país tienen la posibilidad de operar también con combustibles líquidos, pero en ese caso saldría más costosa la energía.

¿Carbón, una opción viable?

Otras fuentes posibles de gas natural son los campos costa afuera y los yacimientos no convencionales, pero de ser viables estas solo estarían produciendo a finales de la década, por lo que en ANDEG solicitan al gobierno que no se descarte el uso del carbón para generación térmica, toda vez que Colombia goza de enormes reservas del mineral.

“Ahí hemos hecho un trabajo interesante, para hacerle ver al gobierno que tenemos el recurso y que existe la tecnología para hacer un buen uso de él. Hay tecnologías de uso de carbón en generación que iguala en términos de emisiones la generación con gas natural; entonces el mensaje es no desechemos el carbón, no lo dejemos de lado, porque tenemos el recurso y tenemos que aprovecharlo de la mejor manera para que cumpla con las exigencias desde el punto de vista ambiental. Sabemos que hay inversionistas interesados en financiar proyectos de carbón, pero requieren una señal mucho más estable de parte del Gobierno para poder ejecutarlos”, dice Castañeda.

Finalmente, acerca de las recomendaciones hechas por la Misión de Transformación Energética, el directivo señaló que hay muchas propuestas bastante ambiciosas, que abarcan muchos temas.

“La posición nuestra es que hay que priorizar en qué se enfoca la misión para la implementación. Creo que el Gobierno ha entendido ese mensaje y está trabajando en al hoja de ruta para esa implementación. Es importante que a todas esas propuestas hay que ponerle números, hay que tener muy claro cuál es la relación costo beneficio, cómo se van a beneficiar los usuarios, cómo se beneficia el sistema como un todo con esos ajustes. Ese ejercicio no se ha echo y esperamos que se haga, para mirar que se implementa y que no se implementa,” concluye.

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