Certifican el primer vehículo de carga que funciona con GNL en Chile

  • Replicando la experiencia europea del corredor azul de GNL, el proyecto promueve la introducción del gas natural licuado (GNL) en el transporte de carga por carretera en Chile. 

15 de abril de 2019.   La iniciativa de la estatal petrolera chilena Empresa Nacional del Petróleo (ENAP) y la empresa de distribución MACO incluyó una fase de prueba, la obtención de autorizaciones y, más recientemente, las aprobaciones y certificaciones correspondientes del Ministerio de Transporte para el uso de este combustible en el transporte de carga por carretera.

Se eligió un camión de la marca china FAW para las pruebas, ya que utiliza exclusivamente GNL para su operación. Esta marca está representada por MACO. La iniciativa es parte del proyecto «GNL como combustible para vehículos», que la Dirección de Desarrollo de Gas Natural y Gases de Energía (G&E) de ENAP ha desarrollado para introducir el GNL como un combustible alternativo para el mercado automotor, principalmente en el transporte de carga por carretera y público de pasajeros.

“Estamos seguros de que el GNL es el combustible de transición entre los hidrocarburos tradicionales y la electromovilidad para vehículos pesados, ya que las principales ventajas del gas natural, además de su disponibilidad global, son la reducción de costos y la reducción sustancial de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, junto con la existencia de toda la infraestructura necesaria para su implementación a costos competitivos y con una tecnología completamente probada en otros mercados «, señala Yasna Ross, gerente de Energía y Gas de ENAP.

Como parte de esta iniciativa, ENAP y otros actores de la industria lideraron el desarrollo del reglamento técnico para formular la norma chilena que regula el diseño, la construcción y las operaciones de las estaciones de servicio de GNL. 

Durante 2017, el Instituto Nacional de Normalización (INN) aprobó para Chile los estándares ISO-16923 e ISO-16924 que permitirán a la industria del gas natural vender GNL para el mercado automotor.

Tan pronto como MACO anunció la disponibilidad en el país del primer camión que utiliza exclusivamente GNL, los equipos técnicos de ENAP aceptaron el desafío de desplegar esfuerzos conjuntos para lograr la homologación de este vehículo para su comercialización en Chile.

“MACO, el representante en Chile de la marca china de camiones FAW, se enorgullece de ser el pionero en la homologación e innovación del uso del GNL como combustible para vehículos. Después de un largo trabajo y desarrollo realizado conjuntamente con el equipo de ENAP, presentaremos al mercado nuestro modelo F-1722, que tiene un motor de ciclo Otto 100% a gas», dijo un portavoz del Departamento Técnico de Empresas Maco SA de FAW.

«La introducción de este equipo será un gran avance para el transporte y el uso de nuevos recursos de energía, con emisiones de contaminantes considerablemente menores».

Mientras tanto, ENAP destaca la serie de pasos y pruebas realizadas hasta ahora. “Aunque este proyecto incluyó una larga fase previa para llevar a cabo la carga que permitiría la homologación, el área de Desarrollo de Gas de ENAP asumió el desafío de llevar a cabo esta operación de manera segura, convencida de que un resultado exitoso podría conducir a un nuevo nicho de negocios y la puerta de entrada al GNL como combustible para camiones de carga por carretera y transporte urbano e interprovincial de pasajeros ”, dijo Óscar Santibáñez, director de Desarrollo de Gas de ENAP.

Ambas compañías resaltan lo que ocurrió en septiembre de 2018, cuando se presentaron a la SEC la idea y los conceptos involucrados en el proyecto, incluidas las debidas garantías y protocolos establecidos por los estándares internacionales para este tipo de actividades.

Así, después de varios meses de preparación, la primera carga de GNL en un camión de transporte se llevó a cabo con éxito en diciembre de 2018.

Una vez que se realizó la carga de GNL, el camión de FAW se presentó al Centro de Control y Certificación de Vehículos (3CV) del Ministerio de Transporte, obteniendo el certificado de homologación, que permite que este tipo de vehículos se comercialicen en el país.

Los pasos por delante

“Se abren grandes oportunidades para el uso del GNL en diferentes mercados no tradicionales (camiones de carga, transporte público, entre otros) al remplazar otros combustibles más caros y contaminantes”, señaló Patricio Pérez-Cotapos, gerente de Gas de ENAP.

Pérez considera que este proceso marca el comienzo de un camino que, con herramientas innovadoras y de acuerdo con la autoridad, permitirá la generación de oportunidades en un nuevo nicho de mercado para ENAP y para los importadores de vehículos de carga y transporte.

De hecho, ENAP pronto explorará un proyecto piloto para incorporar GNL en parte de su flota de camiones que transporta sus combustibles a través de Chile. Si este proyecto tiene éxito, la empresa estatal evaluará la conversión completa de su flota y explorará con los participantes del mercado oportunidades para expandir el uso de este combustible en el mercado automotor.

Fuente: ENAP

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